References & Case Studies
Asthma
Amalu, WC. Chiropractic Management of 47 Asthma Cases. Today’s Chiropr, 2000; 29(6): 94-101.
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2003.
Canning BJ, Fischer A. Neural regulation of airway smooth muscle tone. Respir Physiol. 2001 Mar; 125(1-2):113-27.
Ericsen, K: Upper Cervical Subluxation Complex – A Review of the Chiropractic and Medical Literature. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
Guyton, A., Hall, J.: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 2000.
Kashalikar SJ. A common denominator in the pathogenesis of asthma. Med Hypotheses. 1988 Dec; 27(4):255-9.
Kessinger R. Changes in Pulmonary Function Associated with Upper Cervical Specific Chriopractic Care. J Vertebral Subluxation Research, 1997; 1(3):43-49.
Mazzone SB, Canning BJ. Central nervous system control of the airways: pharmacological implications. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2002 Jun; 2(3):220-8.
Palmer, B.J.: Chiropractic Clinical Controlled Research, Vol. XXV. W.B. Cronkey Company, Hammond, IN, 1996 (reprint).
Palmer, B.J.: Subluxation Specific, Adjustment Specific, Vol. XVIII. 1991 (reprint).
Tierney, L.M., et al.: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2005, 44th Edition. New York, NY, Lange Medical Books, McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Upper Cervical Diplomat Program, Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic. Spartanburg, SC, 2005.
Van der Velden VH, Hulsmann AR. Autonomic innervation of human airways: structure, function, and pathophysiology in asthma. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1999 May-Jun; 6(3):145-59.
Widdicombe JG. Overview of neural pathways in allergy and asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2003;16(1):23-30.
Carpal Tunnel
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Eaton, C. eHand, The Electronic Textbook of Hand Surgery. 2006.
Herczeg E, Otto A, Vass A. Significance of double crush in carpal tunnel syndrome. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 1997 May; 29(3): 144-6.
Hurst LC, Weissberg D, Carrol RE. The relationship of the double crush to carpal tunnel syndrome: an analysis of 1,000 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery 1 0B(2):202-204, 1985.
Ide M, Ide J, Yamaga M. Symptoms and signs of irritation of the brachial plexus in whiplash injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001 Mar; 83(2): 226-9.
Irwin LR, Beckett R, Suman RK. Steroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome.J Hand Surg [Br]. 1996 Jun;21(3):355-7.
Kaplan SJ, Glickel SZ, Eaton RG. Predictive factors in the nonsurgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Br]. 1990 Feb;15(1):106-8.
Kuntzer T. Carpal tunnel syndrome in 100 patients: sensitivity, specificity of multi-neurophysiological procedures and estimation of axonal loss of motor, sensory and sympathetic median nerve fibers. J Neurol Sci 1994 Dec 20; 127(2): 221-9.
Mariano KA, McDougle MA, Tanksley GW. Double crush syndrome: chiropractic care of an entrapment neuropathy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1991 May; 14(4): 262-5.
Massey EW, Riley TL, Pleet AB. Coexistent carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical radiculopathy (double crush syndrome). South med J 1981 Aug; 74(8): 957-9.
Morgan G, Wilbourn AJ. Cervical radiculopathy and coexisting distal entrapment neuropathies: doublecrush syndromes? Neurology 1998 Jun; 50(1): 78-83.
Murray-Leslie CF, Wright V. Carpal tunnel syndrome, humeral epicondylitis, and the cervical spine: a study of clinical and dimensional relations. Br Med J 1976 Jun 12; 1(6023): 1439-42.
Narakas AO. The role of thoracic outlet syndrome in the double crush syndrome. Ann Chir Main Memb Super 1990; 9(5): 331-40.
Nancollas MP, Peimer CA, Wheeler DR, Sherwin FS. Long-term results of carpal tunnel release. J Hand Surg [Br]. 1996 Apr;21(2):286-7.
Niwa H, Yanagi T, Hakusui S. Double crush syndrome in patients with cervical spondylosis or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament-a clinicophysiological study. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1994 Sep; 34(9): 870-6.
Osterman AL. The double crush syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am 1988 Jan; 19(1): 147-55.
Pierre-Jerome C, Bekkelund SI. Magnetic resonance assessment of the doublecrush phenomenon in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a bilateral quantitative study. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003: 37(1):46-53.
Roquer J, Herraiz J, Maso E. Carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical whiplash. Neurologia 1988 SepOct; 3(5): 202-3.
Upton AR, McComas AJ. The double crush in nerve entrapment syndromes. Lancet 1973 A ug 18; 2(7825): 359-62.
Valente R, Gibson H. Chiropractic manipulation in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1994 May; 17(4): 246-9.
Wood VE, Biondi J. Doublecrush nerve compression in thoracic-outlet syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1990 Jan; 72(1): 85-7.
Zahir KS, Zahir FS, Thomas JG. The double-crush phenomenon-an unusual presentation and literature review. Conn Med 1999 Sep; 63(9): 535-8.
Upper Cervical Care for Children
Elster, Erin L. (2003). Upper Cervical Chiropractic Care for a Patient with Chronic Migraine Headache’s with an Appendix Summarizing an Additional 100 Headache Cases. Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research.
Herman, Charmaine. (2016). Resolution of Low Back Pain in an 8-year-old Following Blair Upper Cervical Chiropractic Care: A Case Report. Journal of Upper Cervical Chiropractic Research.
Chung, Johnathan; Salminen, Bryan. (2011). Reduction in Scoliosis in a 10 Year-Old Female Undergoing Upper Cervical Chiropractic Care: A Case Report. Journal of Pediatric, Maternal & Family Health.
Goodman, Robert J.; Mosby Jr., John S. Cessation of a Seizure Disorder. Upper Cervical Monograph.
Bagnaro, Nick. (2014). Improvement in Subjective, Academic and TOVA Measures in a Child with ADHD Following Upper Cervical Chiropractic Management. Journal of Upper Cervical Chiropractic Research.
Chung, Johnathan. (2015). Improvement in Post-Concussion Symptoms in a 16-Year-Old Female Under Cervical Chiropractic Care – A Case Report. A. Vertebral Subluxation Research.
Concussions
McCroy P., Meeuwisse W, Aubry M. et al, Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport – the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport Held in Zurich, November 2012. Clin J Sport Med. 2013;23:89-117.
Maddocks D., Dicker G. An objective measure of recovery from concussion in Australian rules footballers. Sport Health. 1989;7(suppl):6-7
McCrea M. Standardized mental status assessment of sports concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2001;11:176-181
McCrea M, Kelly JP, Kluge J, et al. Standardized assessment of concussion in football players. Neurology. 1997;48:586-588.
Guskiewicz K. Postural stability assessment following concussion. Clin J Sport Med. 2001;11:182-190
Marshall C., The Diagnosis, Treatment and Management of Concussion. 2015 CAS AGM.
elizabethsandelmd.com/insights/check-the-neck-after-a-brain-injury/
Depression
Shankar Vedantam. Antidepressant Use By U.S. Adults Soars. Washington Post Date: 3 December 2004.
Genthner G, Friedman H, Studley, C. Improvement in Depression Following Reduction of Upper Cervical Vertebral Subluxation Using Orthospinology Technique, J Verteb Sublux Res, November 7, 2005, pp 1-4.
D. Healy, Let Them Eat Prozac: The Unhealthy Relationship between the Pharmaceutical Industry and Depression (2004) ISBN 0-8147-3669-6.
S. Begley, “The Depressing News About Antidepressants: Studies suggest that the popular drugs are no more effective than a placebo. In fact, they may be worse.”, Newsweek Jan 29, 2010.
Quigley, WH. An analysis of 350 emotionally maladjusted individuals under chiropractic care. In Schwartz, H.S. (Ed.), Mental health and chiropractic. New York: Sessions Publishers, 1973: 175-191
Quigley, WH. Case histories of mental illness under chiropractic care. Davenport, Iowa: Clear View Sanitarium, 1968
Quigley, WH. Pioneering mental health: Institutional psychiatric care in chiropractic. Chiropractic History 1983; 3(1): 69-73
Burd D, Hoiriis K, Owens E. Changes in general health status during upper cervical chiropractic care. Aukland, NZ: Proceedings of the world federation of chiropractic, 5th Biennial Congress, 1999
Kessinger RC, Boneva DV. Neurocognitive function and the upper cervical spine. Chiropratic Res Journal 1999; 6(2):88
Goodman R. Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and the Atlas Subluxation Complex. Upper Cervical Monograph 1994; 5(4): 17-18
Aguilar AL, Grostic JD, Pfleger B. Chiropractic care and behavior in autistic children. Journal of Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics 2000; 5(1):293-304.
Brzowski W, Walton E. The effects of chiropractic treatment on students with learning and behavioral impairments due to neurological function (Paper presented at the 12th annual conference of the Association of Children with Disabilities). College Station, TX: Psychoeducational and Guidance Services, 1975
Williams PL, Warwick R, Dyson M, et al, ed. Gray’s anatomy (37th ed.). London: Churchill Livingston, 1989
Eriksen K. The Occipito-Atlanto Axial Subluxation Complex (Vol.1). Dothan, Alabama: Chiropractic Health Institute, 2000
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, APA, 1994
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. BDI-II Manual/Test. San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1996
Diabetes
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2003.
Ericsen, K: Upper Cervical Subluxation Complex – A Review of the Chiropractic and Medical Literature. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
Guyton, A., Hall, J.: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 2000.
Palmer, B.J.: Chiropractic Clinical Controlled Research, Vol. XXV. W.B. Cronkey Company, Hammond, IN, 1996 (reprint).
Palmer, B.J.: Subluxation Specific, Adjustment Specific, Vol. XVIII. 1991 (reprint).
Tierney, L.M., et al.: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2005, 44th Edition. New York, NY, Lange Medical Books, McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Upper Cervical Diplomat Program, Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic. Spartanburg, SC, 2005.
Webster SK, Dickholtz M, et al. Acute Effect of NUCCA Cervical Adjustment on Patients with Diabetes Type II. 17th Annual Upper Cervical Spine Conference, Life University, Marietta, GA, Feb. 3-4, 2001, Chiropractic Research Journal, 2000; 7 [2]:81.
Digestive Disorders
Kiyomi K. Autonomic system reactions caused by the excitation of somatic afferents: study of cutaneo-intestinal reflex. In: Korr IM, ed. The neurobiologic mechanisms in manipulative therapy. New York: Plenum, 1978:219-227.
Klougart N, Nilsson N, Jacobsen J. Infantile colic treated by chiropractors: a prospective study of 316 cases. JMPT 1989;21:281-288.
Knowles CH, Scott SM, Lunniss PJ. Slow transit constipation: a disorder of pelvic autonomic nerves? Dig Dis Sci 2001 Feb; 46(2): 389-401.
Kobayashi H, Hirakawa H, Puri P. Is intestinal neuronal dysplasia a disorder of the neuromuscular junction? J Pediatr Surg 1996 Apr; 31 (4): 575-9.
Korr IM. Sustained sympathecotonia as a factor in disease. In: Korr IM, ed. The neurobiological mechanisms in manipulative therapy. New York: Plenum, 1978 229-268.
Korr, I. Proprioceptors and the Behavior of Lesioned Segments. In: Stark, E. ed. Osteopathic Medicine. Acton, Mass.: Publication Sciences Group, 1975:183-199.
Krogh K, Mosdal C, Laurberg S. Gastrointestinal and segmental colonic transit times in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord lesions. Spinal Cord 2000 Oct; 38(10):615-21.
Lembo T, Munakata J, Mertz H. Evidence for the hypersensitivity of lumbar splanchnic afferents in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1994 Dec; 107(6): 1686-96.
Lynch AC, Wong C, Anthony A. Bowel Dysfunction following spinal cord injury: a description of bowel function in a spinal cordinjured population and comparison with age and gender matched controls. S pinal Cord 2000 Dec; 38(12): 717-23.
National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association Guidelines and Standards of Care. NUCCA. Monroe: 1997.
Nilsson N. Infantile colic and chiropractic. Eur Jour Chiro 1985;33:264-265.
Palmer, B.J.: Chiropractic Clinical Controlled Research, Vol. XXV. W.B. Cronkey Company, Hammond, IN, 1996 (reprint).
Palmer, B.J.: Subluxation Specific, Adjustment Specific, Vol. XVIII. 1991 (reprint).
Roberts PJ, Morgan K, Miller R. Neuronal COX-2 expression in human myenteric plexus in active inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2001 Apr; 48(4): 468-72.
Sanovic S, Lamb DP, Blennerhassett MG. Damage to the enteric nervous system in experimental colitis. Am J Pathol 1999 Oct; 155(4): 1051-7.
Sato A, Schmidt RF. Somatosympatheitc reflexes: afferent fibers, central pathways, discharge characteristics. Phys Review 1973; 53:916-947.
Sato A. The somatosympathetic reflexes: their physiologic and clinical significance. In: Goldstein M, ed. The research status of spinal manipulative therapy. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1975:163-172.
Sato, A. The somatosympathetic reflexes: their physiological and clinical significance. In: Golstein M, ed. The research status of Spinal Manipulative Therapy. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office 1975: 163-172.
Settipane GA, Pudupakkam RK, McGowan JH. Corticosteroid effect on immunoglobins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1978;62:162-166.
Sharkey KA, Kroese AB. Consequences of intestinal inflammation on the enteric nervous system: neuronal activation induced by inflammatory mediators. Anat Rec 2001 Jan 1; 262 (1): 79-90.
Sweat, RW. Atlas Orthogonal Board Certification. Life University, Atlanta, GA, 2005.
Tierney, L.M., et al.: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2005, 44th Edition. New York, NY, Lange Medical Books, McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Tomasi J. What Time Tuesday? International Christian Servants, Oklahoma City, OK. 2005
Tomita R, Munakata K, Tanjoh K. Role of nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory nerves in the colon of patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol 1998 Feb; 33(1): 48-52.
Upper Cervical Diplomat Program, Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic. Spartanburg, SC, 2005.
Van Dijk H, Jacobse-Geels H. Evidence for the involvement of corticosterone in the ontology of the cellular immune apparatus of the mouse. Immunology 1978;35:637-642
Vanner S, Surprenant A. Neural reflexes controlling intestinal microcirculation. Am J Physiol 1996 Aug; 2 71(2 Pt 1): G223-30.
Wick, G., et al. Immunoendocrine Communication via The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Autoimmune Diseases. Endocrine Reviews. 14:539-563, October 1993.
Ear Infections
American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians. Question and Answers on Acute Otitis Media. 2005.
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2005.
Eisenberg DM, Davis R, Ettner S, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: results of a followup national survey. JAMA. 1998; 280:1569–1575.
Eisenberg DM, et al. Unconventional medicine in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:246–252.
Ericsen, K: Upper Cervical Subluxation Complex – A Review of the Chiropractic and Medical Literature. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
Fallon JM. Care of 401 Children with Otitis Media: A Pilot Study. Alternative Therapies, 1998; 4(2): 93.
Fallon JM. The Role of the Chiropractic Adjustment in the Care and Treatment of 332 Children with Otitis Media. J Clin Chiro Ped, 1997; 2(2): 167-182.
Froom J, Grob P, et al: “Diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media: a report from the International Primary Care Network.” BMJ (1990) 300(6724): 532.
Gray, H.: Gray’s Anatomy – Anatomy of the Human Body. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 2000.
Guyton, A. and Hall, J.: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 2000.
Gutman G. Blocked Atlantal Nerve Syndrome in Babies and Infants, Manuelle Medizin, 1987; 25:5-10.
Hendricks CL, LarkinThier SM: “Otitis media in young children.” J Chiropractic Research, Study and Clinical Investigation (1989) 2:9.
Lehnert T: “Acute otitis media in children.” Role of antibiotic therapy. Can Fam Physician (1993) 39:2157.
Lieberthal, A.S., et al. American Academy of Pediatrics/American Academy of Family Physicians. Subcommittee on Management of Acute Otitis Media – Clinical Practice Guidelines. Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media. 2005.
Mackinnon D: “The sequel to myringotomy for exudative otitis media.” J Laryngol Otol (1971) 85:773.
Spigelblatt L, et al. The use of alternative medicine by children. Pediatrics. 1994;94:811–814.
Stangerup SE, Tos M: “Etiologic role of suppurative otitis media in chronic secretory otitis.” Am J Otol (1985) 6:126.
Tierney, L.M., et al.: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2005, 44th Edition. New York, NY, Lange Medical Books, McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Epilepsy & Seizure Disorders
Alcantara, et al: Chiropractic Management of a Patient with Subluxations, Low Back Pain and Epileptic seizures. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1998 (JulAug); 21 (6): 410418.
Amalu, W. Cortical Blindness, Cerebral Palsy, Epilepsy, and Recurring Otitis Media: A Case Study in Chiropractic Management. Today’s Chiropractic. May 1998.
Angeleri F, Majkowski J, Cacchio G. Posttraumatic epilepsy risk factors: one year prospective study after head injury. Epilepsia 1999 Sep; 40(9): 122230.
Annegers JF, Coan SP. The risks of epilepsy after traumatic brain injury. Seizure 2000 Oct; 9(7): 4537.
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2005.
Asikainen I, et al.: Early and late post-traumatic seizures in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation patients: brain injury factors causing late seizures and influence of seizures on longterm outcome. Epilepsia 1999 May; 40(5): 5849.
Barlow KM, Spowart JJ, Minns RA. Early posttraumatic seizures in non-accidental head injury: relation to outcome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000 Sep; 42(9): 5914.
Clear D, Chadwick DW. Seizures provoked by blows to the head. Epilepsia 2000 Feb; 41(2): 2434.
Curry, et al.: American Family Physician, Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Felbamate, Topiramate and Fosphenytoin. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 1998.
Dias MS, Carnevale F, Li V. Immediate posttraumatic seizures: is routine hospitalization necessary? Pediatr Neurosurg 1999 May; 30(5): 2328.
Elster, E.L.: Treatment of Bipolar, Seizure, and Sleep Disorders and Migraine Headaches Utilizing a Chiropractic Technique. JMPT, March 2004.
Gambino, D.W. Brain injured child with seizures benefits from chiropractic care. Chiropractic Pediatrics Vol. 2, No. 1, Oct. 1995.
Goodman R., Mosby J. Cessation of a seizure disorder: correction of the atlas subluxation complex. Chiropractic: J of Chiropractic Research and Clinical Investigation. Jul 1990, Vol 6(2) pp.4346.
Guyton, A. and Hall, J.: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 2000.
Hermansen MC. Potential for brief but severe intrapartum injury among neonates with earlyonset seizures. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001 Mar; 184(4): 7823.
Hospers LA, EG and CEEG studies before and after upper cervical or SOT category 11 adjustment in children after head trauma, in epilepsy, and in “hyperactivity.” Proc of the Nat’l Conference on Chiropractic and Pediatrics (ICA) 1992; 84139.
Hyman CA. Chiropractic Adjustments and the reduction of petit mal seizures in a five year old make: a case study. Journal of Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics Vol. 1 No. 1 Jan 1996.
Ludice A, Murri L. Pharmacological prophylaxis of post-traumatic epilepsy. Drugs 2000 May; 59(5): 10919.
Langley C. Epileptic seizures, Nocturnal enuresis, ADD. Chiropractic Pediatrics Vol 1 No. 1, April, 1994.
Ratan SK, et al.: Predictors of posttraumatic convulsions in headinjured children. Pediatr Neurosurg 1999 Mar; 30(3): 12731.
Rosenberg HJ, et al.: A comparative study of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence in epilepsy patients and Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure patients. Epilepsia 2000 Apr; 41(4): 44752.
Singer RB. Incidence of seizures after traumatic brain injurya 50year population survey. J Insur Med 2001; 33(1): 425.
Sirven, J.I. et al; New antiepileptic drugs; Overcoming the limitations of traditional therapy; Postgraduate Medicine Vol 10, No 1, JULY 1997.
Fibromyalgia
Aaron LA, Bradley LA, Alarcon GS. Perceived Physical and Emotional Trauma as Precipitating Events in Fibromyalgia Associations with Health Care Seeking and Disability Status but Not Pain Severity. Arthritis Rheum 1997 Mar; 40(3): 453-60.
Amalu, W.: Upper Cervical Management of Primary Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Cases. Today’s Chiropractic, May 2000.
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2003.
Buskia D, Neumann L, Vaisberg, G. Increased Rates of Fibromyalgia Following Cervical Spine Injury. A Controlled Study of 161 Cases of Traumatic Injury. Arthritis Rheum 1997, March 40(3): 446-52.
Ericsen, K: Upper Cervical Subluxation Complex – A Review of the Chiropractic and Medical Literature. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
Freeman R. et al. Does CFS Involve the Autonomic Nervous System? American Journal of Medicine. 102: 357-364, 1997.
Guyton, A. and Hall, J.: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 2000.
Martinez-Lavin M. et al. Circadian Studies of Autonomic Nervous Balance in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Heart Rate Variability Analysis. Arthritis Rheum 1998 Nov 41 (11): 1996-71.
Mountz J.M. et al. Abnormal Functional Activity of the Central Nervous System in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: American Journal of Medical Science 1998 Jun; 315 (6): 385-96.
Pioro-Boisset M., Esdaile J.M., Fitzcharles M.A. Alternative Medicine in Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Arthritis Care Research. Feb 9, 1996.
Romano TJ. Clinical Experiences with Posttraumatic Fibromyalgia Syndrome. W V Med J 1990 May; 86(5): 198-202.
Salit IE. Precipitating Factors for the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Psychiatr res 1997 JanFeb; 31(1): 59-65.
Tierney, L.M., et al.: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2005, 44th Edition. New York, NY, Lange Medical Books/McGrawHill, 2005.
White KP, Carette S, Harth M. Trauma and Fibromyalgia: Is There an Association and What Does it Mean? Semin Arthritis Rheum 2000 Feb; 29(4): 200-16.
White KP, Ostbye T, Harth M. Perspectives on Posttraumatic Fibromyalgia: A Random Survey of Canadian General Practitioners, Orthopedists, Physiatrists, and Rheumatologists. J Rheumatol 2000 Mar; 27(3): 790-6.
High Blood Pressure
Amalu, W., et al. Applied Upper Cervical Biomechanics Course. International Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association, Redwood City, CA 1993.
American Heart Association National Center, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231
Bakris G, Dickholtz M, et al. Journal of Human Hypertension 2007 (May); 21 (5): 347–352 <http://www.nuccra.org/themes/nuccra/images_new/pdf/Hypertension2007.pdf> Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Hypertension Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2003.
Association of Chiropractic Colleges: ACC Chiropractic Scope and Practice, 1996.
Association of Chiropractic Colleges: The ACC Chiropractic Paradigm, 1996.
Blair Upper Cervical Chiropractic Certification. Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA 2005.
Cenè, CW and Cooper, LA. Death Toll From Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in Ethnic Populations: Universal Access and Quality Improvement May Not Be Enough Annals of Family Medicine – November/December 2008
Grostic, JD. Dentate Ligament-Cord Distortion Hypothesis. Chiro Research J, 1988; 1(1): 47-55.
Kale, MU. Kale Certification Residency Program. Spartanburg, SC, 2004.
Kent, C., et al.: Council on Chiropractic Practice – Clinical Practice Guideline: Vertebral Subluxation in Chiropractic Practice. Council on Chiropractic Practice, 1998.
Kessinger, R. Knee Chest Upper Cervical Specific Certification Course. Atlanta, GA, 2005.
National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association Guidelines and Standards of Care. NUCCA. Monroe: 1997
Palmer, B.J.: Chiropractic Clinical Controlled Research, Vol. XXV. W.B. Cronkey Company, Hammond, IN.
Palmer, B.J.: Subluxation Specific, Adjustment Specific, Vol. XVIII.
Stat, TY, Hypertension – Lower Blood Pressure with Neck Alignment, Chicago Tribune, Health Beat, Tuesday, May 8, 2007.
Strauss, J.: Chiropractic Philosophy
Sweat, RW. Atlas Orthogonal Board Certification. Life University, Atlanta, GA, 2005.
Tierney, L.M., et al.: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2005, 44th Edition. New York, NY, Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Upper Cervical Diplomate Program, Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic. Spartanburg, SC, 2005.
WebMD Health News, Study Finds Special ‘Atlas Adjustment’ Lowers Blood Pressure, March 16, 2007
Sharma, S. Control of Arterial Blood Pressure, Update in Anesthesiology, Issue 1 (1995) Article 5
Low Back Pain
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2003.
Association of Chiropractic Colleges: Position Papers 1 and 2. ACC Chiropractic Paradigm, Scope and Practice, 1996.
Bigos, S, et al. Acute Low Back Problems in Adults. Clinical Practice Guideline #14, AHCPR Publication #95-0642. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Dec. 1994.
Blair Upper Cervical Chiropractic Certification. Palmer College Of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA 2005.
Croft PR, et al. Outcome of Low Back Pain in General Practice: A Prospective Study. British Med. J, 1998; 316(7141):1256-1359.
Ericsen, K: Upper Cervical Subluxation Complex – A Review of the Chiropractic and Medical Literature. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2004.
Gray, H.: Gray’s Anatomy – Anatomy of the Human Body. Philadelphia, PA, Lea & Febiger, 2000.
Grostic, JD. Dentate Ligament-Cord Distortion Hypothesis. Chiro Research J, 1988; 1(1): 47-55.
Guyton, A., Hall, J.: Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia, PA., W.B. Saunders Co., 2000.
Jayson MIV. Why Does Acute Back Pain Become Chronic? Spine, 1997; 22(10):1053-1056.
Kale, MU. Kale Certification Residency Program. Spartanburg, SC, 2004.
Kessinger, R. Knee Chest Upper Cervical Specific Certification Course. Atlanta, GA, 2005.
Manga P, et al. The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Chiropractic Management of Low-Back Pain, 1993.
National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association Guidelines and Standards of Care. NUCCA. Monroe: 1997.
Palmer, B.J.: Chiropractic Clinical Controlled Research, Vol. XXV. W.B. Cronkey Company, Hammond, IN.
Palmer, B.J.: Subluxation Specific, Adjustment Specific, Vol. XVIII.
Papageorgiou, AC, et al.: Estimating the Prevalence of Low Back Pain in the General Population. Spine, 1995; 20(17): 1889-1894.
Sweat, RW. Atlas Orthogonal Board Certification. Life University, Atlanta, GA, 2005.
Tierney, L.M., et al.: Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment 2005, 44th Edition. New York, NY, Lange Medical Books, McGraw-Hill, 2005.
Upper Cervical Diplomat Program, Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic. Spartanburg, SC, 2005.
Von Korff M,, Saunders K. The Course of Back Pain in Primary Care. Spine, 1996; 2 1(24):2833-2839.
White, A.A., Panjabi, M.M.: Clinical Biomechanics of the Spine. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1990
Wilk, C.A.: Medicine, Monopolies and Malice. Garden City Park, NY, Avery Publishing Group.1996.
Migraine Headaches
Amalu, W., et al. Applied Upper Cervical Biomechanics Course. International Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association, Redwood City, CA 1993.
Arky, R., et al., Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR). Montvale, NJ. Medical Economics Data Production Co., 2003.
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Sleep Disorders
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Temporomandibular Joints (TMJ)
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons; Rosemount, Illinois 1994
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The TMJ Association, P.O. Box 26770, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0770
Trigeminal Neuralgia
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Blair Upper Cervical Chiropractic Certification. Palmer College of Chiropractic, Davenport, IA 2005.
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Upper Cervical Diplomat Program, Sherman College of Straight Chiropractic. Spartanburg, SC, 2005.
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Vertigo & Meniere’s Disease
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Wellness Care
CNBC. (2015). More than 500,000 Americans spend $50K on medicine each year. https://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/12/more-than-500000-americans-spend-50k-on-medicine-each-year.html.
Statista. (2018). Prescription drug expenditure in the United States from 1960 to 2018. https://www.statista.com/statistics/184914/prescription-drug-expenditures-in-the-us-since-1960/.
